patricia hill collins intersectionality definition

But what exactly does it mean, and why has it emerged as such a vital lens through which to explore how social inequalities of race, class, gender, sexuality, age, ability and ethnicity shape one another? Sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (2005) has developed a strong intersectional framework through her discussion of race, gender, and sexuality in her historical analysis of representations of Black sexuality in the US. ", Truth identifies the difference between the oppression of white and black women. Lorde commented in her essay "The master's tools will never dismantle the master's house" that she was living in "a country where racism, sexism, and homophobia are inseparable". [71] This lack of homogeneity and intersecting identities can be seen through feminism in India, which goes over how women in India practice feminism within social structures and the continuing effects of colonization that differ from that of Western and other non-Western countries. In Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory Patricia Hill Collins offers a set of analytical tools for those wishing to develop intersectionality's capability to theorize social inequality in ways that would facilitate social change. Her personality, behavior, and cultural being overshadow her value as an individual; thus, she becomes the outsider within.[56]:S14. According to Crenshaw, there are three forms of intersectionality: structural, political, and representational intersectionality. This book is dense, but still readable. Format: Tips … [18] The historical exclusion of black women from the feminist movement in the United States resulted in many black 19th and 20th century feminists, such as Anna Julia Cooper, challenging their historical exclusion. This anthology explored how classifications of sexual orientation and class also mix with those of race and gender to create even more distinct political categories. The term ‘intersectionality’ was first coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1990 and was developed by Patricia Hill Collins in a publication that same year. Theorizing difference from multiracial feminism.Feminist Stud-ies,22, 321–331. [54]:205, Intersectionality can be applied to nearly all fields from politics,[59][60] education[24][45][61] healthcare,[62][63] and employment, to economics. Intersectionality is a concept that many like to evoke, but Bilge and Collins take the time to explore its origins, its uses, and its issues. … Introduction [37] She says that because non-white women are present within discourses that have been designed to address either race or sex—but not both at the same time—non-white women are marginalized within both of these systems of oppression as a result. This text suggests that there are many more intersections of discrimination for people around the globe than Crenshaw originally accounted for in her definition.[70]. No one is ever just a man or woman, white or black. The term is attributed to Kimberle Crenshaw who first coined the term in 1989; however, it was not a new concept at that time. ... Collins utilizes the term intersectionality, coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, to refer to this simultaneous overlapping of multiple forms of oppression as a matrix of domination. Marginalized groups often gain a status of being an "other". Retrieved 2020-10-09. Even if an objective definition of oppression was reached, person-by-situation effects would make it difficult to deem certain persons or categories of persons as uniformly oppressed. However, this section has never been brought into effect as the government deemed it too 'complicated and burdensome' for businesses. It is a person's holistic multi-faceted identity. Intersectionality broadens the lens of the first and second waves of feminism, which largely focused on the experiences of women who were both white and middle-class, to include the different experiences of women of color, women who are poor, immigrant women, and other groups. [21] Second-wave feminism stemmed from Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique and worked to dismantle sexism relating to the perceived domestic purpose of women. More often, the term gets invoked with an academic genealogy that sees the practice ‘invented’ by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1991, when she did what academics so often do and, Collins and Bilge present the topic of Intersectionality, which is the interconnectedness of race, class, and gender as it applies to individuals and groups. For example, Deborah K. King published the article "Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology" in 1988, just before Crenshaw coined the term intersectionality. According to Collins, these four … [63] The Women's Institute for Science, Equity and Race advocates for the disaggregation of data in order to highlight intersectional identities in all kinds of research. [85][a], Barbara Tomlinson is employed at the Department of Women's Studies at UC Santa Barbara and has been critical of the applications of intersectional theory. In Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory Patricia Hill Collins offers a set of analytical tools for those wishing to develop intersectionality's capability to theorize social inequality in ways that would facilitate social change. Social movements historically are single issue oriented, and unless movements connect together somehow, important voices will be lost, suppressed or denied. So well done. Collins' book on intersectionality looks at it both as a theoretical construct and also as a means of critical analyses. Intersectional feminism aims to separate itself from white feminism by acknowledging women's different experiences and identities.[7]. Both intersectional scholar Patricia Hill Collins and Marxist critic Delia Aguilar agree that intersectionality emerged as Black feminist struggles transitioned into the academy, but they disagree on the significance. However, the definition of intersectionality has also been a source of inconsistency and ambiguity. This disputed the ideas of earlier feminist movements, which were primarily led by white middle-class women, suggesting that women were a homogeneous category who shared the same life experiences. [43], The ideas behind intersectional feminism existed long before the term was coined. [41], Marie-Claire Belleau argues for "strategic intersectionality" in order to foster cooperation between feminisms of different ethnicities. "[31] Additionally, Gloria Wekker describes how Gloria Anzaldúa's work as a Chicana feminist theorist exemplifies how "existent categories for identity are strikingly not dealt with in separate or mutually exclusive terms, but are always referred to in relation to one another". [11], Lisa Downing argues that intersectionality focuses too much on group identities, which can lead it to ignore the fact that people are individuals, not just members of a class. In Analyzing Gender, Intersectionality, and Multiple Inequalities: Global, Transnational and Local Contexts, the authors argue: "The impact of patriarchy and traditional assumptions about gender and families are evident in the lives of Chinese migrant workers (Chow, Tong), sex workers and their clients in South Korea (Shin), and Indian widows (Chauhan), but also Ukrainian migrants (Amelina) and Australian men of the new global middle class (Connell)." Collins and Bilge utilize several examples of using intersectionality as a tool to explore and understand social inequality through inquiry and praxis. The authors always provide helpful relevant examples of social situations in which an intersectional perpsective can provide new insight or better action. This books publish date is Aug 23, 2019. [79], Women with disabilities encounter more frequent domestic abuse with a greater number of abusers. Black feminism, flexible solidarity and intersectionality. While intersectionality helps shed light on contemporary social issues, Collins notes that it has yet to reach its full potential as a critical social theory. The term is attributed to Kimberle Crenshaw who first coined the term in 1989; however, it was not a new concept at that time. “Intersectionality,” as defined by Merriam-Webster’s dictionary in 2017, is “the complex, cumulative manner in which the effects of different forms of … In Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory Patricia Hill Collins offers a set of analytical tools for those wishing to develop intersectionality's capability to theorize social inequality in ways that would facilitate social change. Looking forward to seeing how I can take these lessons into my work. Rather than merely tell, the second edition of Intersectionality expertly shows readers the key tenets of intersectional approaches and important applications of the concepts in a thoroughly global context. Although, the EU passed a non-discrimination law which addresses these multiple intersections; there is however debate on whether the law is still proactively focusing on the proper inequalities. The title of this book is Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory and it was written by Patricia Hill Collins, Collins, Patricia Hill. [33], In 1989, Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term "intersectionality" in a paper as a way to help explain the oppression of African-American women. "[98], In France, intersectionality has been denounced as a school of thought imported from the US. This particular edition is in a Paperback format. Sie hatte die 100. "[64] One could apply the intersectionality framework analysis to various areas where race, class, gender, sexuality and ability are affected by policies, procedures, practices, and laws in "context-specific inquiries, including, for example, analyzing the multiple ways that race and gender interact with class in the labor market; interrogating the ways that states constitute regulatory regimes of identity, reproduction, and family formation";[67] and examining the inequities in "the power relations [of the intersectionality] of whiteness ... [where] the denial of power and privilege ... of whiteness, and middle-classness", while not addressing "the role of power it wields in social relations". "[30] Other writers and theorists were using intersectional analysis in their work before the term was coined. [56]:S18 In essence, you are "an other" if you are different from what Audre Lorde calls the mythical norm. The feminist movement helped white women and the Black Power movement helped Black men, but if you were both female and Black, you were two times out of luck. Hill Collins shows how contemporary white American culture exoticizes Black men and women and she points to a history of enslavement and treatment as chattel as the … Collins writes: "Du Bois saw race, class, and nation not primarily as personal identity categories but as social hierarchies that shaped African-American access to status, poverty, and power. In Kimberle Crenshaw's, Crenshaw Mapping Margins, she uses and explains three different forms of intersectionality to describe the violence that women experience. "[73] This demonstrates a systematic neglect of the issues that intersectionality presents, because the UK courts have explicitly decided not to cover intersectional discrimination in their courts. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Intersectionality is a qualitative analytic framework developed in the late 20th century that identifies how interlocking systems of power affect those who are most marginalized in society[8] and takes these relationships into account when working to promote social and political equity. [91][92][93], Some academics,[94] journalists,[95] and activists[96] have noted that proponents of intersectionality tend to deemphasize the disadvantaged status of Jewish people. [26], The term also has historical and theoretical links to the concept of "simultaneity", which was advanced during the 1970s by members of the Combahee River Collective in Boston, Massachusetts. Collins and Bilge utilize several examples of using intersectionality as a tool to explore and understand social inequality through inquiry and praxis. Structural intersectionality deals with how non-white women experience domestic violence and rape in a manner qualitatively different than that of white women. At the same Collins places the history of intersectionality in a larger historiographical context. 2.1. In turn, knowledge becomes distinct and subjective; it varies depending on the social conditions under which it was produced. Another branch seeks to apply intersectionality as an analytical strategy to various social institutions in order to examine how they might perpetuate social inequality. [51]:51 She refers to different nat-cult (national-cultural) groups that produce different types of feminisms. Intersectionality: Edition 2 - Ebook written by Patricia Hill Collins, Sirma Bilge. The important thing for me about this book was the history of intersectionality as a practice before the term was coined. But what exactly does it mean, and why has it emerged as such a vital lens through which to explore how social inequalities of race, class, gender, sexuality, age, ability and ethnicity shape one another? “Patricia Hill Collins and Sirma Bilge shed new light on intersectionality by showing how people across the globe use it as an analytical and organizing tool for protesting against social injustices and solving social problems. [82] Other narratives, especially those based on multiple intersections of oppression, are more complex. INTERSECTIONALITY 2 Introduction Intersectionality is where a youthful individual of colour from a humble black family background tries to get used to an overwhelmingly all-white world. Most sociologists become familiar with intersectionality through the works of Patricia Hill Collins. [80], According to political theorist Rebecca Reilly-Cooper, intersectionality relies heavily on standpoint theory, which has its own set of criticisms. [97], In 2018, following the boycotts of the different Women's March events over the past year, Anti-Defamation League Senior Vice President Sharon Nazarian condemned "intersectionality's betrayal of its own values, and its transition into a means of exclusion under the guise of progressiveness. Patricia Hill Collins and others frequently use the term ‘matrix of domination’ instead of ‘intersecting oppressions’. She served in 2009 as the 100th president of the American Sociological Association (ASA) — the first African American woman elected to this position. Refresh and try again. This is elaborated on by Christine Bose, who discusses a global use of intersectionality which works to remove associations of specific inequalities with specific institutions, while showing that these systems generate intersectional effects. It emphasizes the importance of intersectionality in our American society. The authors also give voice to those that contest the concept. Chandra Mohanty discusses alliances between women throughout the world as intersectionality in a global context. Their clear explanations and real-world examples covering a wide range of issues make intersectionality highly accessible and practicable to … Perhaps most … Some Group Matters: Intersectionality, Situated Standpoints and Black Feminist Thought by Patricia Hill Collins 1) “Standpoint theory argues that group location in hierarchical power relations produces shared challenges for individuals in those groups.” 66 Through the lens of intersectionality, they would identify as the collective person rather than as just an African-American, or just as a lesbian, or just as a woman. She is also the former head of the Department of African-American Studies at the University of Cincinnati, and a past President of the American Sociological Association. In Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory Patricia Hill Collins offers a set of analytical tools for those wishing to develop intersectionality's capability to theorize social inequality in ways that would facilitate social change. While intersectionality helps shed light on contemporary social issues, Collins notes that it has yet to reach its full potential as a cri The 10 digit ISBN is 0745684483 and the 13 digit ISBN is 9780745684482. They analyze the emergence, growth and contours of the concept and show how intersectional frameworks speak to topics as diverse as human rights, neoliberalism, identity politics, immigration, hip hop, global social protest, diversity, digital … Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Crenshaw used intersectionality to denote how race, class, gender, and other systems combine created intersectionality and shaped the experiences of many by making room for privilege (Crenshaw 1991). [38], Psychological studies have shown that the effect of multiplying "oppressed" identities is not necessarily additive, but rather interactive in complex ways. This is a must-read for anyone who does intersectional work. Those who experience privilege within the social hierarchy in terms of race, gender and socio-economic status are less likely to receive lower wages, to be subjected to stereotypes and discriminated against, or to be hired for exploitative domestic positions. They also say that intersectional philosophy encourages a focus on the issues inside the group instead of on society at large, and that intersectionality is "a call to complexity and to abandon oversimplification... this has the parallel effect of emphasizing 'internal differences' over hegemonic structures".
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